These calculations are very standard. A really good website that explains the relevant formulas is: http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/finworks/fmbasinv.htm. To help you along, your question a)
Almost all of the railroad crossing I have seen have a gate that swings down now as bells go off. The bells start well before the train gets there (kind of like a yellow light), and then when the train
The equation of a circle is x²+y²=r² where (x,y) are the coordinates in a plane and r is the radius of the circle. Take this circle in the x-y plane and lift it so that only y lifts, leaving x the
Of course, if the program for opening the gates is checked out. When something is automated and all of the bugs are worked out, it is always right. When a person is asked to do something, there are errors
The standard equation is (y-k)^2 = 4a(x-h) where (h,k) is the vertex. The distance from the vertex to the focus is "a" and that's also the distance from the vertex to the directrix. So in this case,